1. Material and Requirements Analysis

• Ampoule MaterialGenerally borosilicate glass (high temperature resistant, chemically stable), with a thickness of approximately 0.5-1.5 mm.
• Aperture RequirementsMicrometer level (e.g., 50-200 μm), requiring no cracks and smooth edges to ensure drug sterility and sealing.

2. Laser Selection

• Recommended Laser Type：
• Ultrafast laser (femtosecond/picosecond)Small heat-affected zone, suitable for brittle glass, reducing cracks.
• CO₂ laser (10.6 μm)High glass absorption rate, but thermal stress needs to be controlled.
• Wavelength SelectionUltraviolet or mid-infrared band (such as 355 nm or 9.4 μm) to improve absorption.

3. Key Process Parameters

• Pulse EnergyAdjust according to thickness to avoid excessive heat damage (e.g., femtosecond laser: 1-10 μJ).
• Repetition Rate1-100 kHz, combined with scanning speed (such as 100-1000 mm/s) for efficient processing.
• Focusing SpotUse a high NA lens (such as NA≥0.5), spot diameter ≈ wavelength × NA⁻¹ (such as 1 μm level).
• DefocusFine-tune the focal position to control the aperture and penetration depth.